Ibadi sect:

The Ibadi sect is a branch of Islam that traces its origins to the early Islamic period. It is distinct from both Sunni and Shia Islam and is often considered a moderate branch of the Kharijite movement. The Ibadis emphasize justice, piety, and a community-based approach to governance. Here are some key aspects of Ibadi Islam:

Origins and History:

• The Ibadis emerged in the late 7th century CE, following a schism within the early Muslim community.
• They were initially linked to the Kharijites but later developed their own unique theological and political views.
• Ibadi Islam took root in Oman, parts of North and East Africa (especially in Algeria, Libya, and Zanzibar), and briefly in regions of Arabia.

Core Beliefs:

• Middle Path Approach: Unlike the extremist views of the early Kharijites, Ibadis promote a balanced approach to faith and governance.
• The Role of the Imam: Leadership should be based on merit and piety rather than lineage. If an Imam (leader) becomes unjust, the community has the right to depose him.
• Strict Monotheism: They emphasize the absolute oneness of God, similar to other Islamic sects.
• Divine Justice: Ibadis stress personal responsibility and accountability in the afterlife.
• Moderate View on Other Muslims: While they consider their interpretation of Islam the most correct, they do not excommunicate other Muslims outright, unlike the early Kharijites.

Practices and Distinctions:

• Simplicity and Modesty: Ibadi communities emphasize humility and avoidance of extravagance.
• Prayers and Worship: Similar to Sunni practices, but their prayer call (Adhan) omits certain phrases, such as “Ashhadu anna Muhammadur Rasulullah” (Testimony of Muhammad’s prophethood).
• Legal System: Their jurisprudence (Fiqh) is independent of Sunni and Shia schools, with an emphasis on community consensus.
• Tolerance: Historically, they have coexisted peacefully with other Muslim sects and non-Muslims.

Modern Presence:

• The majority of Ibadis today live in Oman, where it is the dominant sect.
• Small communities exist in Algeria, Libya, Tanzania (Zanzibar), and Tunisia.
• Oman’s government is based on Ibadi principles, but it maintains religious tolerance.